{"id":1139,"date":"2026-10-04T18:58:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T16:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/?p=1139"},"modified":"2026-10-04T18:58:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T16:58:10","slug":"iluminacion-cine-pintores-claroscuro-luz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/iluminacion-cine-pintores-claroscuro-luz\/","title":{"rendered":"La luz en el cine, o el arte de los pintores en un plat\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb]\n\t\t\t[et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb]\n\t\t\t\t[et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime;][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText\u00a0\u00bb]<p>Antes de la c\u00e1mara, los pintores decid\u00edan de d\u00f3nde ven\u00eda la luz. Una ventana a la izquierda, una vela sobre la mesa, un sol demasiado alto: cada elecci\u00f3n contaba algo. En un plat\u00f3, un director de fotograf\u00eda hace exactamente lo mismo, con focos en lugar de pinceles. Estas son siete formas de iluminar, cada una heredada de una corriente pict\u00f3rica, con el esquema para entenderla.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tdp-tip\"><p><strong>C\u00f3mo leer los esquemas<\/strong> Cada uno muestra, visto desde arriba, la c\u00e1mara abajo, el sujeto en el centro y las luces alrededor. A la derecha, el resultado aproximado en imagen. Los esquemas est\u00e1n simplificados: en la pr\u00e1ctica, la altura, la distancia y la intensidad se ajustan al cent\u00edmetro.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. El claroscuro: la herencia de Caravaggio<\/h2>\n<p>Hacia 1600, Caravaggio sumerge sus escenas en la oscuridad y solo deja entrar un haz n\u00edtido desde un lado. La pintura lo llama claroscuro, o tenebrismo cuando se lleva al extremo. En el cine se habla de iluminaci\u00f3n <em>low-key<\/em>: el expresionismo alem\u00e1n y despu\u00e9s el cine negro convirtieron la sombra en un personaje m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: una sola luz dura lateral, fondo negro\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx0s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"48\" y1=\"66\" x2=\"148.0\" y2=\"134.9\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.7\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"44.6,70.9 140.1,146.4 156.0,123.3 51.4,61.1\" fill=\"url(#bx0s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(48,66) rotate(34.5483670560113)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"48\" y=\"48\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Fuente \u00fanica<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx0s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.34\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.46\" stop-color=\"#0e0d0d\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx0s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#0c0c0c\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".35\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 1 \u00b7 Claroscuro: una fuente, el resto en la oscuridad.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una sola fuente dura, alta y lateral, nada delante, un fondo sin iluminar. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> un retrato dram\u00e1tico, una pel\u00edcula de marca de tono serio, un packshot de lujo. El contraste es alto: la exposici\u00f3n debe ser precisa.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. El tri\u00e1ngulo de Rembrandt<\/h2>\n<p>En el siglo XVII, Rembrandt afina el procedimiento: el rostro se modela con luz lateral y en la mejilla que queda en sombra aparece un peque\u00f1o tri\u00e1ngulo iluminado. Es ya el nombre de una t\u00e9cnica presente en innumerables retratos, de la fotograf\u00eda al cine.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: luz dura a 45\u00b0 y reflector discreto\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx1s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"70\" y1=\"92\" x2=\"152.0\" y2=\"139.6\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.7\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"67.0,97.2 145.0,151.7 159.0,127.4 73.0,86.8\" fill=\"url(#bx1s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(70,92) rotate(30.113733150982437)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><g transform=\"translate(272,150)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"-22\" width=\"8\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#8a8f8c\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"70\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Fuente dura<\/text><text x=\"270\" y=\"182\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Reflector<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx1s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.54\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.74\" stop-color=\"#1e1b19\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx1s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#121212\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".35\"\/><polygon points=\"494,112 524,120 504,168\" fill=\"#f4dcc0\" opacity=\".9\" clip-path=\"url(#cx1s)\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 2 \u00b7 Tri\u00e1ngulo de Rembrandt: el peque\u00f1o tri\u00e1ngulo de luz en la mejilla en sombra.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una fuente a unos 45\u00b0 del lado, algo por encima de la mirada, y si hace falta un reflector discreto para abrir la sombra. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> la entrevista a un directivo, un retrato corporativo con car\u00e1cter.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. La ventana de Vermeer<\/h2>\n<p>En Vermeer, la luz entra por una ventana a la izquierda y acaricia rostros y objetos. Las sombras son tiernas, las transiciones largas. Es la luz suave por excelencia: una gran fuente, cerca del sujeto.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: gran fuente suave lateral y rebote\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx2s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"150\" x2=\"147.7\" y2=\"150.0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.45\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"46.0,184.0 147.7,189.1 147.7,110.9 46.0,116.0\" fill=\"url(#bx2s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(46,150) rotate(0)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-34\" width=\"9\" height=\"68\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-31\" width=\"3\" height=\"62\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><g transform=\"translate(274,150)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"-22\" width=\"8\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#8a8f8c\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"46\" y=\"108\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Ventana<\/text><text x=\"272\" y=\"182\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Rebote<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx2s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.04999999999999999\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.95\" stop-color=\"#3b342e\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx2s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#222120\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".35\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 3 \u00b7 Luz de ventana: gran fuente suave, sombras que se difuminan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una gran fuente difusa (una ventana real o un panel LED con difusi\u00f3n), cerca del sujeto, y un rebote blanco enfrente para conservar detalle en la sombra. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> testimonios de clientes, entrevistas, retratos naturales. Vea nuestro art\u00edculo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/iluminar-retrato-entrevista-secretos-luz\/\">iluminar un retrato y una entrevista<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. La vela de Georges de La Tour<\/h2>\n<p>Georges de La Tour pinta rostros iluminados por una llama: luz baja, c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil que dibuja vol\u00famenes sencillos. En el cine es la luz \u00abmotivada\u00bb por un objeto visible en el encuadre, lo que se llama <em>practical<\/em>. Stanley Kubrick llev\u00f3 el principio muy lejos en <em>Barry Lyndon<\/em>: algunas escenas se iluminan casi solo con velas, gracias a objetivos excepcionalmente luminosos (abiertos a f\/0,7). La pel\u00edcula se inspira, adem\u00e1s, abiertamente en la pintura inglesa del siglo XVIII.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: vela baja, luz c\u00e1lida\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"190\" r=\"30\" fill=\"#ffb25c\" opacity=\".22\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,196)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"0\" width=\"8\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -14 C8 -4 6 0 0 0 C-6 0 -8 -4 0 -14Z\" fill=\"#ffb25c\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx3s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"80\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"215\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#121110\"\/><stop offset=\".55\" stop-color=\"#594835\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffc98a\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx3s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#0e0e0e\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".35\"\/><circle cx=\"480\" cy=\"232\" r=\"22\" fill=\"#ffb25c\" opacity=\".25\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 4 \u00b7 Vela: una fuente baja, c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil, dentro del encuadre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una fuente c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil, baja y cerca del rostro, a menudo visible en el encuadre, con una c\u00e1mara sensible y un objetivo luminoso. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> un restaurante, un taller, un momento \u00edntimo, un ambiente de velada.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. El contraluz de los impresionistas<\/h2>\n<p>Monet, Renoir y sus compa\u00f1eros salen del taller para pintar al aire libre. Les interesa una luz que cambia de hora en hora, los halos, los contornos que vibran. En el cine lo encontramos en el contraluz y en la \u00abhora dorada\u00bb, cuando el sol est\u00e1 bajo.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: contraluz con halo\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx4s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"170\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"170.0\" y2=\"129.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.5\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"140.0,34.0 135.5,129.1 204.5,129.1 200.0,34.0\" fill=\"url(#bx4s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,34) rotate(90)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-30\" width=\"9\" height=\"60\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-27\" width=\"3\" height=\"54\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Contraluz<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx4s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#26211e\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#26211e\"\/><\/linearGradient><radialGradient id=\"hx4s\" cx=\"480\" cy=\"105\" r=\"150\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#fff3c2\" stop-opacity=\".85\"\/><stop offset=\".5\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".25\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/><\/radialGradient><clipPath id=\"cx4s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#252423\"\/><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"url(#hx4s)\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".35\"\/><path d=\"M431 120 C432 70 455 76 480 76 C505 76 528 70 529 120\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" opacity=\".95\"\/><path d=\"M436 210 L400 250 M524 210 L560 250\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3\" opacity=\".5\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 5 \u00b7 Contraluz: el halo tras la cabeza, el rostro abierto con un rebote.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> la fuente (el sol o un foco) queda detr\u00e1s del sujeto, algo alta. Se abre el rostro con un rebote o un reflector delante y se vigila la exposici\u00f3n para no quemar el fondo. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> exteriores, pel\u00edculas de territorio, im\u00e1genes de <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/dron-empresas\/\">dron<\/a> al amanecer o al atardecer.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. El sol duro de Edward Hopper<\/h2>\n<p>En el siglo XX, los pintores realistas estadounidenses, entre ellos Edward Hopper, iluminan sus escenas con un sol franco: sombras n\u00edtidas, formas geom\u00e9tricas, figuras algo aisladas. El cine tom\u00f3 esta luz para el w\u00e9stern, la road movie y el polic\u00edaco bajo el sol.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: sol duro desde arriba, sombras geom\u00e9tricas\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx5s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"278\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"189.4\" y2=\"133.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.8\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"274.1,51.5 180.2,122.5 198.6,143.6 281.9,60.5\" fill=\"url(#bx5s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(278,56) rotate(138.96465472285612)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"278\" y=\"38\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Sol duro<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx5s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.385\" stop-color=\"#121110\"\/><stop offset=\"0.45500000000000007\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx5s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#444340\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L487 160 L473 162 Z\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".35\"\/><g clip-path=\"url(#cx5s)\"><polygon points=\"420,60 470,60 540,230 490,230\" fill=\"#050505\" opacity=\".78\"\/><\/g><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 6 \u00b7 Sol duro: luz alta, sombras n\u00edtidas y geom\u00e9tricas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> un sol alto, o un foco duro, y formas para recortar la sombra (persianas, contraventanas, <em>gobos<\/em>). <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> una imagen gr\u00e1fica, un retrato en arquitectura, un universo industrial.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Los tres puntos: la luz de estudio<\/h2>\n<p>El cine cl\u00e1sico de estudio convirti\u00f3 la luz en un sistema. El m\u00e9todo de tres puntos sigue la l\u00f3gica de los retratos pintados: una luz principal (<em>key<\/em>) para modelar el rostro, una luz de relleno (<em>fill<\/em>) m\u00e1s suave para abrir la sombra y un contraluz (<em>back<\/em>) para separar al sujeto del fondo.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: iluminaci\u00f3n de tres puntos\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"66\" y1=\"92\" x2=\"151.3\" y2=\"139.6\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.55\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"55.3,111.2 139.0,161.7 163.6,117.5 76.7,72.8\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(66,92) rotate(29.148071845713044)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-22\" width=\"9\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-19\" width=\"3\" height=\"38\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_1\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"276\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"189.1\" y2=\"141.0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.25\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"270.0,87.3 182.2,126.4 195.9,155.6 282.0,112.7\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_1)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(276,100) rotate(154.74683660542613)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-14\" width=\"9\" height=\"28\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-11\" width=\"3\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_2\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"170\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"170.0\" y2=\"129.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.5\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"164.0,34.0 156.0,129.1 184.0,129.1 176.0,34.0\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_2)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,34) rotate(90)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"66\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Principal<\/text><text x=\"276\" y=\"72\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Relleno<\/text><text x=\"214\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Contra<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx6s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.3\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.8999999999999999\" stop-color=\"#3f3731\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx6s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#191918\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".35\"\/><path d=\"M522 92 C530 108 531 124 528 138\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" opacity=\".9\"\/><path d=\"M560 242 C552 230 540 224 528 222\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3\" opacity=\".7\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 7 \u00b7 Tres puntos: principal, relleno y contraluz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> la principal a unos 45\u00b0, suave; el relleno en el lado opuesto, por lo general entre dos y cuatro veces m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil; el contraluz detr\u00e1s, m\u00e1s alto. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> la mayor\u00eda de los contenidos corporativos, porque es un punto de partida fiable.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De un vistazo<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Referencia<\/th><th>Iluminaci\u00f3n<\/th><th>Ambiente<\/th><th>Para sus contenidos<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Caravaggio<\/td><td>Una fuente dura, fondo negro<\/td><td>Dram\u00e1tico, solemne<\/td><td>Pel\u00edcula de marca, packshot de lujo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rembrandt<\/td><td>Fuente a 45\u00b0, tri\u00e1ngulo en la mejilla<\/td><td>Retrato con car\u00e1cter<\/td><td>Entrevista a un directivo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vermeer<\/td><td>Gran fuente suave lateral<\/td><td>Calmado, natural<\/td><td>Testimonio de cliente, retrato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Georges de La Tour<\/td><td>Llama baja y c\u00e1lida<\/td><td>\u00cdntimo<\/td><td>Restaurante, taller, velada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impresionistas<\/td><td>Contraluz, hora dorada<\/td><td>Luminoso, vivo<\/td><td>Exterior, territorio, dron<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hopper<\/td><td>Sol duro, sombras n\u00edtidas<\/td><td>Gr\u00e1fico, solitario<\/td><td>Arquitectura, industria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tres puntos<\/td><td>Principal, relleno, contra<\/td><td>Equilibrado, legible<\/td><td>Contenidos corporativos<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El vocabulario del plat\u00f3<\/h2>\n<ul><li><strong>Fresnel:<\/strong> foco con lente y haz regulable, la fuente \u00abdura\u00bb cl\u00e1sica.<\/li><li><strong>Softbox, difusi\u00f3n:<\/strong> lo que agranda y suaviza una fuente.<\/li><li><strong>Bandera (flag):<\/strong> panel negro que corta la luz donde no se quiere.<\/li><li><strong>Gobo:<\/strong> plantilla recortada que proyecta una sombra dibujada.<\/li><li><strong>Rebote:<\/strong> superficie blanca o plateada que devuelve la luz al sujeto.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por qu\u00e9 importa para su proyecto<\/h2>\n<p>La luz es el primer lenguaje de una pel\u00edcula o una foto. Antes de hablar de equipo, conviene saber qu\u00e9 sentimiento se busca. Una referencia de pintura o de cine suele valer m\u00e1s que diez adjetivos: si tiene una en mente, env\u00edenosla. Para el color y el ambiente en posproducci\u00f3n, vea tambi\u00e9n <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/etalonaje-video-color-cuenta-historia\/\">nuestro art\u00edculo sobre etalonaje<\/a> y, para el equipo, <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/equipamiento\/\">nuestro equipamiento<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tdp-cta\"><p><strong>\u00bfUn ambiente en mente?<\/strong><br>Cu\u00e9ntenos qu\u00e9 quiere hacer sentir: le proponemos la iluminaci\u00f3n adecuada.<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/solicitar-presupuesto\/\">Solicitar presupuesto \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n<p><em>Para ir m\u00e1s lejos: <a href=\"https:\/\/neiloseman.com\/?p=9341\">\u00abBarry Lyndon\u00bb y los objetivos f\/0,7<\/a> (en ingl\u00e9s), <a href=\"https:\/\/staging2.phaidon.com\/agenda\/art\/articles\/2017\/july\/26\/the-english-paintings-that-inspired-stanley-kubrick\">las pinturas inglesas que inspiraron a Kubrick<\/a> (Phaidon, en ingl\u00e9s). Los esquemas de este art\u00edculo son ilustraciones originales y simplificadas.<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column]\n\t\t\t[\/et_pb_row]\n\t\t[\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Claroscuro de Caravaggio, tri\u00e1ngulo de Rembrandt, ventana de Vermeer: siete esquemas de iluminaci\u00f3n para entender c\u00f3mo los pintores inventaron la luz del cine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>Antes de la c\u00e1mara, los pintores decid\u00edan de d\u00f3nde ven\u00eda la luz. Una ventana a la izquierda, una vela sobre la mesa, un sol demasiado alto: cada elecci\u00f3n contaba algo. En un plat\u00f3, un director de fotograf\u00eda hace exactamente lo mismo, con focos en lugar de pinceles. Estas son siete formas de iluminar, cada una heredada de una corriente pict\u00f3rica, con el esquema para entenderla.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tdp-tip\"><p><strong>C\u00f3mo leer los esquemas<\/strong> Cada uno muestra, visto desde arriba, la c\u00e1mara abajo, el sujeto en el centro y las luces alrededor. A la derecha, el resultado aproximado en imagen. Los esquemas est\u00e1n simplificados: en la pr\u00e1ctica, la altura, la distancia y la intensidad se ajustan al cent\u00edmetro.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. El claroscuro: la herencia de Caravaggio<\/h2>\n<p>Hacia 1600, Caravaggio sumerge sus escenas en la oscuridad y solo deja entrar un haz n\u00edtido desde un lado. La pintura lo llama claroscuro, o tenebrismo cuando se lleva al extremo. En el cine se habla de iluminaci\u00f3n <em>low-key<\/em>: el expresionismo alem\u00e1n y despu\u00e9s el cine negro convirtieron la sombra en un personaje m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: una sola luz dura lateral, fondo negro\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx0s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"48\" y1=\"66\" x2=\"148.0\" y2=\"134.9\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.7\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"44.6,70.9 140.1,146.4 156.0,123.3 51.4,61.1\" fill=\"url(#bx0s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(48,66) rotate(34.5483670560113)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"48\" y=\"48\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Fuente \u00fanica<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx0s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.34\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.46\" stop-color=\"#0e0d0d\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx0s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#0c0c0c\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx0s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#060606\" opacity=\".35\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 1 \u00b7 Claroscuro: una fuente, el resto en la oscuridad.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una sola fuente dura, alta y lateral, nada delante, un fondo sin iluminar. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> un retrato dram\u00e1tico, una pel\u00edcula de marca de tono serio, un packshot de lujo. El contraste es alto: la exposici\u00f3n debe ser precisa.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. El tri\u00e1ngulo de Rembrandt<\/h2>\n<p>En el siglo XVII, Rembrandt afina el procedimiento: el rostro se modela con luz lateral y en la mejilla que queda en sombra aparece un peque\u00f1o tri\u00e1ngulo iluminado. Es ya el nombre de una t\u00e9cnica presente en innumerables retratos, de la fotograf\u00eda al cine.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: luz dura a 45\u00b0 y reflector discreto\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx1s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"70\" y1=\"92\" x2=\"152.0\" y2=\"139.6\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.7\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"67.0,97.2 145.0,151.7 159.0,127.4 73.0,86.8\" fill=\"url(#bx1s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(70,92) rotate(30.113733150982437)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><g transform=\"translate(272,150)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"-22\" width=\"8\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#8a8f8c\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"70\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Fuente dura<\/text><text x=\"270\" y=\"182\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Reflector<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx1s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.54\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.74\" stop-color=\"#1e1b19\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx1s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#121212\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx1s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#0e0c0b\" opacity=\".35\"\/><polygon points=\"494,112 524,120 504,168\" fill=\"#f4dcc0\" opacity=\".9\" clip-path=\"url(#cx1s)\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 2 \u00b7 Tri\u00e1ngulo de Rembrandt: el peque\u00f1o tri\u00e1ngulo de luz en la mejilla en sombra.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una fuente a unos 45\u00b0 del lado, algo por encima de la mirada, y si hace falta un reflector discreto para abrir la sombra. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> la entrevista a un directivo, un retrato corporativo con car\u00e1cter.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. La ventana de Vermeer<\/h2>\n<p>En Vermeer, la luz entra por una ventana a la izquierda y acaricia rostros y objetos. Las sombras son tiernas, las transiciones largas. Es la luz suave por excelencia: una gran fuente, cerca del sujeto.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: gran fuente suave lateral y rebote\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx2s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"150\" x2=\"147.7\" y2=\"150.0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.45\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"46.0,184.0 147.7,189.1 147.7,110.9 46.0,116.0\" fill=\"url(#bx2s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(46,150) rotate(0)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-34\" width=\"9\" height=\"68\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-31\" width=\"3\" height=\"62\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><g transform=\"translate(274,150)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"-22\" width=\"8\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#8a8f8c\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"46\" y=\"108\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Ventana<\/text><text x=\"272\" y=\"182\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Rebote<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx2s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.04999999999999999\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.95\" stop-color=\"#3b342e\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx2s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#222120\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx2s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#1b1715\" opacity=\".35\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 3 \u00b7 Luz de ventana: gran fuente suave, sombras que se difuminan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una gran fuente difusa (una ventana real o un panel LED con difusi\u00f3n), cerca del sujeto, y un rebote blanco enfrente para conservar detalle en la sombra. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> testimonios de clientes, entrevistas, retratos naturales. Vea nuestro art\u00edculo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/iluminar-retrato-entrevista-secretos-luz\/\">iluminar un retrato y una entrevista<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. La vela de Georges de La Tour<\/h2>\n<p>Georges de La Tour pinta rostros iluminados por una llama: luz baja, c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil que dibuja vol\u00famenes sencillos. En el cine es la luz \u00abmotivada\u00bb por un objeto visible en el encuadre, lo que se llama <em>practical<\/em>. Stanley Kubrick llev\u00f3 el principio muy lejos en <em>Barry Lyndon<\/em>: algunas escenas se iluminan casi solo con velas, gracias a objetivos excepcionalmente luminosos (abiertos a f\/0,7). La pel\u00edcula se inspira, adem\u00e1s, abiertamente en la pintura inglesa del siglo XVIII.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: vela baja, luz c\u00e1lida\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"190\" r=\"30\" fill=\"#ffb25c\" opacity=\".22\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,196)\"><rect x=\"-4\" y=\"0\" width=\"8\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -14 C8 -4 6 0 0 0 C-6 0 -8 -4 0 -14Z\" fill=\"#ffb25c\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx3s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"80\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"215\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#121110\"\/><stop offset=\".55\" stop-color=\"#594835\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffc98a\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx3s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#0e0e0e\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx3s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".35\"\/><circle cx=\"480\" cy=\"232\" r=\"22\" fill=\"#ffb25c\" opacity=\".25\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 4 \u00b7 Vela: una fuente baja, c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil, dentro del encuadre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> una fuente c\u00e1lida y d\u00e9bil, baja y cerca del rostro, a menudo visible en el encuadre, con una c\u00e1mara sensible y un objetivo luminoso. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> un restaurante, un taller, un momento \u00edntimo, un ambiente de velada.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. El contraluz de los impresionistas<\/h2>\n<p>Monet, Renoir y sus compa\u00f1eros salen del taller para pintar al aire libre. Les interesa una luz que cambia de hora en hora, los halos, los contornos que vibran. En el cine lo encontramos en el contraluz y en la \u00abhora dorada\u00bb, cuando el sol est\u00e1 bajo.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: contraluz con halo\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx4s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"170\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"170.0\" y2=\"129.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.5\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"140.0,34.0 135.5,129.1 204.5,129.1 200.0,34.0\" fill=\"url(#bx4s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,34) rotate(90)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-30\" width=\"9\" height=\"60\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-27\" width=\"3\" height=\"54\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"230\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Contraluz<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx4s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#26211e\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#26211e\"\/><\/linearGradient><radialGradient id=\"hx4s\" cx=\"480\" cy=\"105\" r=\"150\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#fff3c2\" stop-opacity=\".85\"\/><stop offset=\".5\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".25\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/><\/radialGradient><clipPath id=\"cx4s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#252423\"\/><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"url(#hx4s)\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx4s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#110f0e\" opacity=\".35\"\/><path d=\"M431 120 C432 70 455 76 480 76 C505 76 528 70 529 120\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" opacity=\".95\"\/><path d=\"M436 210 L400 250 M524 210 L560 250\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3\" opacity=\".5\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 5 \u00b7 Contraluz: el halo tras la cabeza, el rostro abierto con un rebote.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> la fuente (el sol o un foco) queda detr\u00e1s del sujeto, algo alta. Se abre el rostro con un rebote o un reflector delante y se vigila la exposici\u00f3n para no quemar el fondo. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> exteriores, pel\u00edculas de territorio, im\u00e1genes de <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/dron-empresas\/\">dron<\/a> al amanecer o al atardecer.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. El sol duro de Edward Hopper<\/h2>\n<p>En el siglo XX, los pintores realistas estadounidenses, entre ellos Edward Hopper, iluminan sus escenas con un sol franco: sombras n\u00edtidas, formas geom\u00e9tricas, figuras algo aisladas. El cine tom\u00f3 esta luz para el w\u00e9stern, la road movie y el polic\u00edaco bajo el sol.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: sol duro desde arriba, sombras geom\u00e9tricas\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx5s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"278\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"189.4\" y2=\"133.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.8\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"274.1,51.5 180.2,122.5 198.6,143.6 281.9,60.5\" fill=\"url(#bx5s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(278,56) rotate(138.96465472285612)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"278\" y=\"38\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Sol duro<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx5s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.385\" stop-color=\"#121110\"\/><stop offset=\"0.45500000000000007\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx5s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#444340\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx5s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L487 160 L473 162 Z\" fill=\"#080807\" opacity=\".35\"\/><g clip-path=\"url(#cx5s)\"><polygon points=\"420,60 470,60 540,230 490,230\" fill=\"#050505\" opacity=\".78\"\/><\/g><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 6 \u00b7 Sol duro: luz alta, sombras n\u00edtidas y geom\u00e9tricas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> un sol alto, o un foco duro, y formas para recortar la sombra (persianas, contraventanas, <em>gobos<\/em>). <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> una imagen gr\u00e1fica, un retrato en arquitectura, un universo industrial.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Los tres puntos: la luz de estudio<\/h2>\n<p>El cine cl\u00e1sico de estudio convirti\u00f3 la luz en un sistema. El m\u00e9todo de tres puntos sigue la l\u00f3gica de los retratos pintados: una luz principal (<em>key<\/em>) para modelar el rostro, una luz de relleno (<em>fill<\/em>) m\u00e1s suave para abrir la sombra y un contraluz (<em>back<\/em>) para separar al sujeto del fondo.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tdp-fig\" style=\"margin:22px 0\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esquema: iluminaci\u00f3n de tres puntos\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><rect width=\"640\" height=\"300\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"8\" width=\"320\" height=\"284\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#1f2221\"\/><text x=\"22\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">VISTA CENITAL<\/text><text x=\"352\" y=\"16\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">RESULTADO EN IMAGEN<\/text><path d=\"M170 262 L62 70 M170 262 L278 70\" stroke=\"#4a4f4c\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_0\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"66\" y1=\"92\" x2=\"151.3\" y2=\"139.6\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.55\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"55.3,111.2 139.0,161.7 163.6,117.5 76.7,72.8\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_0)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(66,92) rotate(29.148071845713044)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-22\" width=\"9\" height=\"44\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-19\" width=\"3\" height=\"38\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_1\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"276\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"189.1\" y2=\"141.0\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.25\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"270.0,87.3 182.2,126.4 195.9,155.6 282.0,112.7\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_1)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(276,100) rotate(154.74683660542613)\"><rect x=\"-7\" y=\"-14\" width=\"9\" height=\"28\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"-11\" width=\"3\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><defs><linearGradient id=\"bx6s_2\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"170\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"170.0\" y2=\"129.1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\"0.5\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#ffd400\" stop-opacity=\".04\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><polygon points=\"164.0,34.0 156.0,129.1 184.0,129.1 176.0,34.0\" fill=\"url(#bx6s_2)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,34) rotate(90)\"><rect x=\"-14\" y=\"-9\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M0 -9 L9 -13 L9 13 L0 9 Z\" fill=\"#ffd400\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M162 160 L170 172 L178 160 Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"170\" cy=\"150\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#161817\" opacity=\".12\"\/><g transform=\"translate(170,262)\"><rect x=\"-13\" y=\"-6\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><path d=\"M-6 -6 L0 -16 L6 -6Z\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\"\/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"3\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#161817\"\/><\/g><text x=\"170\" y=\"292\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#9aa09d\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"600\">C\u00e1mara<\/text><text x=\"66\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Principal<\/text><text x=\"276\" y=\"72\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Relleno<\/text><text x=\"214\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#f2f0eb\" font-family=\"Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\">Contra<\/text><defs><linearGradient id=\"fx6s\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"428\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"532\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0.3\" stop-color=\"#f4dcc0\"\/><stop offset=\"0.8999999999999999\" stop-color=\"#3f3731\"\/><\/linearGradient><clipPath id=\"cx6s\"><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><rect x=\"340\" y=\"24\" width=\"276\" height=\"252\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#191918\"\/><path d=\"M392 276 C392 232 432 220 452 216 L508 216 C528 220 568 232 568 276 Z\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><rect x=\"462\" y=\"188\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"480\" cy=\"140\" rx=\"50\" ry=\"64\" fill=\"url(#fx6s)\"\/><ellipse cx=\"465\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".8\"\/><ellipse cx=\"495\" cy=\"128\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3.4\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".8\"\/><path d=\"M480 130 L473 160 L487 162 Z\" fill=\"#1c1916\" opacity=\".35\"\/><path d=\"M522 92 C530 108 531 124 528 138\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" opacity=\".9\"\/><path d=\"M560 242 C552 230 540 224 528 222\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffd400\" stroke-width=\"3\" opacity=\".7\"\/><\/svg><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;margin-top:8px\">Esquema 7 \u00b7 Tres puntos: principal, relleno y contraluz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>La receta:<\/strong> la principal a unos 45\u00b0, suave; el relleno en el lado opuesto, por lo general entre dos y cuatro veces m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil; el contraluz detr\u00e1s, m\u00e1s alto. <strong>Ideal para:<\/strong> la mayor\u00eda de los contenidos corporativos, porque es un punto de partida fiable.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De un vistazo<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Referencia<\/th><th>Iluminaci\u00f3n<\/th><th>Ambiente<\/th><th>Para sus contenidos<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Caravaggio<\/td><td>Una fuente dura, fondo negro<\/td><td>Dram\u00e1tico, solemne<\/td><td>Pel\u00edcula de marca, packshot de lujo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rembrandt<\/td><td>Fuente a 45\u00b0, tri\u00e1ngulo en la mejilla<\/td><td>Retrato con car\u00e1cter<\/td><td>Entrevista a un directivo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vermeer<\/td><td>Gran fuente suave lateral<\/td><td>Calmado, natural<\/td><td>Testimonio de cliente, retrato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Georges de La Tour<\/td><td>Llama baja y c\u00e1lida<\/td><td>\u00cdntimo<\/td><td>Restaurante, taller, velada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impresionistas<\/td><td>Contraluz, hora dorada<\/td><td>Luminoso, vivo<\/td><td>Exterior, territorio, dron<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hopper<\/td><td>Sol duro, sombras n\u00edtidas<\/td><td>Gr\u00e1fico, solitario<\/td><td>Arquitectura, industria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tres puntos<\/td><td>Principal, relleno, contra<\/td><td>Equilibrado, legible<\/td><td>Contenidos corporativos<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El vocabulario del plat\u00f3<\/h2>\n<ul><li><strong>Fresnel:<\/strong> foco con lente y haz regulable, la fuente \u00abdura\u00bb cl\u00e1sica.<\/li><li><strong>Softbox, difusi\u00f3n:<\/strong> lo que agranda y suaviza una fuente.<\/li><li><strong>Bandera (flag):<\/strong> panel negro que corta la luz donde no se quiere.<\/li><li><strong>Gobo:<\/strong> plantilla recortada que proyecta una sombra dibujada.<\/li><li><strong>Rebote:<\/strong> superficie blanca o plateada que devuelve la luz al sujeto.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por qu\u00e9 importa para su proyecto<\/h2>\n<p>La luz es el primer lenguaje de una pel\u00edcula o una foto. Antes de hablar de equipo, conviene saber qu\u00e9 sentimiento se busca. Una referencia de pintura o de cine suele valer m\u00e1s que diez adjetivos: si tiene una en mente, env\u00edenosla. Para el color y el ambiente en posproducci\u00f3n, vea tambi\u00e9n <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/etalonaje-video-color-cuenta-historia\/\">nuestro art\u00edculo sobre etalonaje<\/a> y, para el equipo, <a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/equipamiento\/\">nuestro equipamiento<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tdp-cta\"><p><strong>\u00bfUn ambiente en mente?<\/strong><br>Cu\u00e9ntenos qu\u00e9 quiere hacer sentir: le proponemos la iluminaci\u00f3n adecuada.<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/solicitar-presupuesto\/\">Solicitar presupuesto \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n<p><em>Para ir m\u00e1s lejos: <a href=\"https:\/\/neiloseman.com\/?p=9341\">\u00abBarry Lyndon\u00bb y los objetivos f\/0,7<\/a> (en ingl\u00e9s), <a href=\"https:\/\/staging2.phaidon.com\/agenda\/art\/articles\/2017\/july\/26\/the-english-paintings-that-inspired-stanley-kubrick\">las pinturas inglesas que inspiraron a Kubrick<\/a> (Phaidon, en ingl\u00e9s). Los esquemas de este art\u00edculo son ilustraciones originales y simplificadas.<\/em><\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[190,188,184,168],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe-es","tag-estrategia","tag-rodaje","tag-tendencias-2026-es","tag-video-es"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La luz en el cine, o el arte de los pintores en un plat\u00f3 - That Dog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thatdog.fr\/index.php\/es\/iluminacion-cine-pintores-claroscuro-luz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La luz en el cine, o el arte de los pintores en un plat\u00f3 - 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